By Rini Mukkath
Each year, World Autism Awareness Day serves as a reminder of the importance of representing autistic people fairly in the media. Despite progress, the portrayal of autism in journalism often leans on outdated stereotypes, sensationalism, and a medicalised lens. The consequences of such reporting are far-reaching, affecting public perception, policy decisions, and the well-being of autistic individuals themselves. As journalists, we have an ethical duty to ensure that our work is accurate, respectful, and inclusive.
Autism is a diverse spectrum of experiences, yet mainstream media frequently reduces it to a narrow set of tropes. The overrepresentation of white, male, savant-like characters in fiction has reinforced a misleading image of what it means to be autistic. Think Benedict Cumberbatch’s ‘Sherlock’ rendition or Netflix television series ‘Atypical’ and its autistic main character Sam Gardner. Similarly, news stories often frame autism as a ‘tragedy’ or ‘burden’ on families rather than highlighting the strengths and autonomy of autistic individuals. It tends to swing extreme on both ends of the spectrum.
Research from organisations such as the National Autistic Society and Autistica highlights how negative portrayals can contribute to stigma, misunderstanding, and even policy failures. A 2024 report from City St George’s College emphasises the need for a shift away from deficit-based reporting to a more strengths-based, lived-experience approach.
There is ongoing debate over whether to use “person with autism” (person-first language) or “autistic person” (identity-first language). While preferences vary, many autistic advocates prefer identity-first language, as it acknowledges autism as an intrinsic part of who they are rather than something separate or burdensome. Journalists should always ask individuals how they prefer to be described and respect their choice.
Journalists often fall into the trap of describing autism in medicalised terms, emphasising ‘disorders,’ ‘deficits,’ or ‘suffering.’ Instead, focus on neutral or strengths-based language. Phrases like “lives with autism” can suggest a struggle, while “is autistic” simply acknowledges identity. Avoid describing autistic individuals as ‘high-functioning’ or ‘low-functioning,’ as these terms fail to capture the complexities of their experiences. Guidance from Amaze provides further detail on how journalists can improve language use.
Autism news stories are told through the lens of parents, teachers, or medical professionals, sidelining autistic people themselves. Journalism should centre autistic perspectives, whether through direct quotes, opinion pieces, or expert interviews. Autistic-led organisations, such as the Autistic Self Advocacy Network, provide excellent sources for insight.
Mainstream narratives tend to depict autistic individuals as either child geniuses or socially inept loners. These tropes erase the diversity of the autistic community, which includes people of all genders, races, and abilities. Autism is not just about struggles with communication; it is also about unique perspectives, creativity, and innovation. Representing this diversity helps break down damaging misconceptions. Journalism.co.uk offers guidelines on how to avoid clichés in neurodiversity reporting.
Stock images often reinforce stereotypes, showing sad children staring out of windows or individuals engaging in stereotypical behaviours like hand-flapping. Instead, choose images that reflect the variety of autistic experiences, adults at work, socialising, or engaging in their interests.
Some news reports link autism to violence or distressing events without scientific basis. Autism is not a cause of criminal behaviour, and such narratives can increase stigma and fear. If reporting on controversial topics, ensure the story is backed by credible research and that it includes multiple perspectives, especially those from autistic individuals and advocacy groups. The Open Notebook highlights the importance of nuanced storytelling in science and health journalism.
While coverage increases in April, autism is a year-round topic. Journalists should integrate autistic voices and issues into broader discussions on education, employment, healthcare, and social justice. Regular, nuanced reporting can help normalise autism and challenge misconceptions. Cory Morrison, an autistic individual and recent graduate in journalism, offers a unique perspective on how journalists can report accurately, sensitively, and responsibly on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). To improve autism coverage, newsrooms should consider the following:
- Offer training on disability and neurodiversity to journalists and editors.
- Build relationships with autistic-led organisations to ensure ongoing engagement with the community.
- Hire autistic journalists and provide accessible work environments so neurodivergent voices shape the news from within.
- Commit to editorial guidelines that prioritise ethical and accurate reporting, like those outlined by the National Autistic Society and Autistica.
World Autism Awareness Day is a crucial moment for reflection on how journalists report on autism. By embracing ethical, accurate, and inclusive reporting, the media can play a powerful role in dismantling stereotypes and promoting a more informed and accepting society. We must do better, not just because it is the right thing to do, but because responsible journalism demands it.
